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ABUTMENTS

Engineering Aid 1 - Advanced Structural engineering guide book
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CHAPTER  1 CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS: HEAVY CONSTRUCTION As a general rule, the term heavy construction refers to  the  type  of  construction  in  which  large  bulks  of materials and extra-heavy structural members are used, such as steel, timber, concrete, or a combination of these materials.  In  the  Naval  Construction  Force,  heavy construction  includes  the  construction  of  bridges, waterfront structures, and steel flame structures. The  Seabee’s  construction  functions,  in  support  of the  Navy’s  and  Marine  Corps’  operating  forces,  might include the design and construction of these various structures or their rehabilitation; therefore, you, as an EA,  should  understand  the  terminology,  the  basic principles, and the methodology used in the construction of these facilities. Your knowledge of the methods and materials used in heavy construction will greatly assist you   in   the   preparation   of   engineering   drawings (original,  modified,  or  as-built). This chapter will discuss basic heavy construction methods and materials. BRIDGE  CONSTRUCTION A bridge is a structure used to carry traffic over a depression  or  an  obstacle,  and  it  generally  consists  of two principal parts: the lower part, or substructure;  and the upper part, or  superstructure. When a bridge is supported only at its two end supports, or abutments, it is called a single-span bridge. A bridge that has one or more intermediate supports, such as the one shown in figure 1-1, is known as a multispan bridge. Although bridges  may  be  either  fixed  or  floating,  only  fixed bridges  will  be  discussed  in  this  training  manual (TRAMAN).  The  following  is  a  discussion  of  the components  of  a  fixed  bridge. Figure  1-1.—A  multispan  (trestle-bent)  bridge. 1-1







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