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ELECTRONIC  POSITIONING SYSTEMS - 14070_263
Laser Rod - 14070_265

Engineering Aid 1 - Advanced Structural engineering guide book
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Figure 12-6.—Rotating laser level. such  as  temperature  and  atmospheric  pressure  that the built-in atmospheric correction system needs, and by  proper  manipulation  of  the  instrument  controls, the  operator  can  obtain  horizontal  angles,  vertical angles, slope distances, horizontal distances, relative elevation, and coordinates of an unknown point. The data  obtained  is  displayed  through  a  liquid  crystal display   and   can   be   transmitted   and   stored   in   a separate data collector. Complete operating instructions are provided with the tacheometer. LASER EQUIPMENT Laser  light  is  of  a  single  color,  the  light  waves are  in  step  with  each  other,  and  the  light  beam spreads  only  slightly  as  the  distance  from  the  light generator to the target increases. These characteristics  make  the  laser  useful  for  surveying equipment   used   in   various   types   of   construction layout.  Although  a  wide  variety  of  special-purpose laser  instruments  are  manufactured,  most  of  these have  been  designed  for  construction  layout  and  are classified into two general groups as follows: 1. Single-beam laser alignment instruments. These instruments project a single beam of light that is  visible  on  targets  under  all  lighting  conditions. Included in this group are laser equipped theodolites and transits, and lasers used for alignment of  pipes, drains, and tunneling equipment. 2. Rotating laser levels. These are instruments in   which   the   laser   beam   is   rotated   by   rapidly spinning optics to provide a reference plane in space over open areas. SINGLE-BEAM LASER ALIGNMENT INSTRUMENTS A typical single-beam laser alignment instrument    can    be    mounted    on    a    transit-like framework  with  horizontal  and  vertical  motions,  a spirit level that is parallel to the axis of the laser, and both  vertical  and  horizontal  circles.  A  telescope  is attached to the laser housing to allow the operator to sight  the  location  of  the  transmitted  laser  spot.  A separate  fanning  lens,  when   attached,   allows   the laser beam to be converted to a horizontal or vertical line instead of a spot. ROTATING LASER LEVEL A self-leveling, rotating laser is shown in  figure 12-6.  In  this  instrument,  the  laser  unit  is  mounted vertically  on  a  platform  containing  two  orthogonally mounted sensors that act like spirit levels and deviate from  center  when  the  platform   is   not   level.   The amount of deviation is detected electronically, and the 12-6







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