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MAP SCALES AND CONTOUR INTERVALS - 14071_172
INTERPOLATING CONTOUR LINES - 14071_174

Engineering Aid 2 - Intermediate Structural engineering guide book
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Figure  8-29.—Cliff. CONTOUR  MAP  CONSTRUCTION If  EAs  can  perform  ordinary  engineering  drafting chores, they will not have any difficulty in constructing a topographic map. To some degree, topographers must draw contour lines by estimation. Their knowledge of contour  line  characteristics  and  the  configuration  of  the terrain that the contour lines represent will be a great help. Topographers must use their skill and judgment to draw the contour lines so that the lines are the best representation  of  the  actual  configuration  of  the  ground surface. Basically,   the   construction   of   a   contour   map consists of three operations. They are as follows: 1. Plot horizontal control that will serve as the framework of the map. 2.  Plot  details,  including  the  map  location  of ground  points  of  known  ground  elevation.  These  ground Figure  8-30.—Plotting  detail  and  contouring. points or contour points will be used as guides for the proper location of the contour lines. 3.  Construct  contour  lines  at  given  contour intervals. Take special care, in the field, to locate ridge and valley lines because you usually draw these lines first on the map before plotting the actual contour points. (See  fig.  8-30,  view  A.)  Since  contours  ordinarily change  direction  sharply  where  they  cross  these  lines and the slopes of ridges and valleys are fairly uniform, these lines aid you in drawing the correct contour lines. After  the  ridge  and  valley  lines  are  plotted,  space contour  crossings  (by  interpolation)  along  them  before 8-21







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