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Table  10-2.Table  of  Cumulative  Yardage - 14071_212
CONSTRUCTION  SURVEYS - 14071_214

Engineering Aid 2 - Intermediate Structural engineering guide book
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Figure 10-10.—Profile and mass diagram. Remember   that   sections   where   the   volume (yardage)  changes  from  cut  to  fill  correspond  to  a maximum in the mass diagram curve, and sections where  it  changes  from  fill  to  cut  correspond  to  a minimum. The peaks and the lowest points of the mass diagram  that  represent  the  maximum  or  minimum yardage, occur at, or near, the grade line on the profile. Balancing Cuts and Fills.— To  understand  the manner in which the mass diagram is used to balance cuts and fills and how haul limit is determined, let’s examine figure 10-10. Here the profile of a road, from stations 0 + 00 to 20 + 00, has been plotted above the mass diagram. You can see that they are plotted on the same horizontal scale. The labeled sections and arrows on the profile show relatively what is to be done to the cuts  and  fills;  and  where  the  limit  of  economical  haul is exceeded, the cut is wasted, and the fill is borrowed. In figure 10-10, a 500-foot haul-limit line has been inserted into the mass diagram curve above and below the lines of zero yardage. (The 500-foot distance is laid out to scale horizontally parallel to the line of zero yardage.)  The  terminal  points  of  these  haul-limit distances  were  projected  to  the  profile  curve,  as indicated.  You  can  see  that  the  cut  lying  between stations 1 + 00 and 3 + 50 can be hauled economically as far as station 6 + 00; that lying between stations 10 + 50 and 13 + 00, as far as station 8 + 00; and that lying between stations 14 + 00 and 16 + 50, as far as station 19 + 00. This leaves the cut between stations 0 + 00 and 1 + 00, the fill between stations 6 + 00 and 8 + 00, the cut between stations 13 + 00 and 14 + 00, and the fill between stations 19 + 00 and 20 + 00. As  indicated  in  figure  10-10,  the  cut  between stations 0 + 00 and 1 + 00, lying outside the limit of economical haul distance, would be wasted; that is, dumped into a nearby spoil area or ravine. The cut 10-13







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