foundation plan because the floor plan readilyoffers the information you need for thefoundation plan, such as the general shape of thebuilding, openings, dimensions, and so forth.Some of the basic procedures in the properdevelopment of a foundation plan are outlinedbelow.1. Prepare and organize your drafting needs.Since the foundation plan is usually drawn at thesame scale as the floor plan (1/4 in. = 1 ft), usethe same sheet size and layout. A smaller scale(1/8 in. = 1 ft) may be used for the foundationplan when it is necessary to save space andprovided that the amount of information givenon this plan is limited. From an EA’s point ofview, drawing the foundation plan at the samescale as the floor plan is easier because you canuse the floor plan to trace the outline and otherfeatures, thus saving time and effort. Ideally,centering the plan would provide more space fornotes and details on footings.2. Lay out the drafting sheet lightly, beginningwith the borders and title block. Tape the original,or preferably a print of the floor plan, under thesheet for the foundation plan if the same scaleis being used. Draw the exterior outline of thefoundation wall (usually the outside line of theexterior lines of the building), and also locate anyretaining walls, steps, porches, and fireplaces.Again, be careful to notice what type of frameconstruction is used. The extent of using the floorplan in laying out the foundation plan variesamong wood-frame, masonry, and steel-frameconstruction. Study these differences closely.Most often, dimensions are modified on thefoundation plan, depending on the materialsused. If the foundation is not drawn to the samescale as the floor plan, first determine the size ofthe foundation plan to be drawn, and lay it outon the sheet. Follow up by transferring all of thedimensions from the floor plan to the foundationplan. Locate other features accurately.3. Draw the inside wall of the foundation wallonce the wall thickness is scaled and the outsidefoundation line is located. Along the wall, locateother features, such as access doors, vents, andpilasters. Also, draw the foundation for piers,columns, chimney, and retaining wall, if required.4. Lay out the footings. Check the standardsfor typical details on different types of footingand the minimum allowable footing size. Now,draw and note any additional structural informa-tion required.In wood-frame construction,the structural information for the first-floorconstruction is commonly shown on the founda-tion plan. If required, locate and lay in thesupporting beam or girder and the size, spacing,and direction of floor joists.5. Lay out the dimensions. As in all of theEA work, be sure to double-check all of thedimensions to be certain they are correct andcomplete and that all of the features required arelocated in the drawing. Apply the principals andcorrect drafting techniques learned from chapter3 of this book. Add all of the notes, materials,appropriate plan symbols, and other pertinentinformation required to complete the plan.6. Draw in the scale to the plan and the titleof the drawing. Go over your foundation-planchecklist, and make sure the entire drawing isdarkened in and labeled.Framing PlanFRAMING PLANS show the size, number,and location of the structural members (steelor wood) in the building framework. Separateframing plans may be drawn for the floors, thewalls, and the roof.The FLOOR FRAMING PLAN must specifythe sizes and spacing of joists, girders, andcolumns used to support the floor. Detaildrawings must be added, if necessary, to show themethods of anchoring joists and girders to thecolumns and foundation walls or footings.The floor framing plan is basically a plan viewshowing the layout of the girders and joists.Figure 10-19 shows the manner of presenting floorframing plans. The unbroken double-line symbolindicates joists. Joist symbols are drawn in theposition they will occupy in the completedbuilding. Double framing around openings andbeneath bathroom fixtures is shown where used.Bridging is also shown by a double-line symbolthat runs perpendicularly to the joist. In thefigure, the number of rows of cross bridging iscontrolled by the span of the joist; the rows shouldnot be placed more than 7 or 8 ft apart. Hence,a 14-ft span may need only one row of bridging,but a 16-ft span needs two rows.Dimensions need not be given between joists.Such information is given along with notes. Forexample, “2" by 8" joists @ 2' – 0" O.C.” indicatesthat the joists are to be spaced at intervals of 2ft 0 in. on center (O.C.). Lengths may not beindicated in framing plans; the overall buildingdimensions and the dimensions for each bay ordistances between columns or posts provide suchdata. Notes also identify floor openings, bridging,and girts or plates.10-22
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