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Figure  16-1.Typical  boring  log. - 14070_382
FIELD  OBSERVATIONS - 14070_384

Engineering Aid 1 - Advanced Structural engineering guide book
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Figure  16-2.—Typical  soil  profile. are  planned  to  take  advantage  of  well-draining  soils. Considerations relating to frost action become more important when frost-susceptible soils are shown on the profile. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Various  sources  of  information  are  available. Published  information  and  previous  soil  analyses  are sources you may secure without field exploration. Time sources are used mostly to locate, within a large general area, small areas that you may want to investigate further.   For   final   site   selection,   actual   field investigations must be made. Published information sources  include  engineer  intelligence  reports,  geologic and topographic maps and reports, agricultural soil maps and reports, and air photographs. Intelligence reports that include maps and studies of soil conditions are usually available for areas in which military operations have been planned. Among the most comprehensive of these are the Terrain Intelligence Folios  prepared  by  the  Intelligence  Branch  of  the  U.S Army Corps of Engineers, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological  Survey. Geologic maps and brief descriptions of regions or quadrangles are published in the folios of the U.S. Geological Survey. Generally, the smallest rock unit mapped  is  a  formation;  geologic  maps  indicate  the extent of formations by means of letter symbols, color, or symbolic patterns. Letter symbols on the map indicate the location of sand and gravel pits; sometimes the back of the map sheet has a brief discussion entitled “Mineral Resources,”  that  describes  the  location  of  construction materials. Ordinary topographic maps may be of some use in estimating  soil  conditions  and  can  be  used  in conjunction  with  geologic  maps.  Inspection  of  the drainage pattern (as indicated by contour lines) can provide  clues  as  to  the  nature  of  rocks,  depth  of weathering,  soil,  and  drainage. Agricultural soils maps and reports are available for many of the developed agricultural areas of the world.  These  studies  are  usually  concerned  primarily with surface soils to a depth of about 6 feet. Information given   includes   topography,   drainage,   vegetation, temperature,  rainfall,  water  sources,  and  rock  location. Soils  are  usually  classified  according  to  texture,  color, structure,  chemical  and  physical  composition,  and 16-7







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