Figure 2-19.—Typical distribution system layout.3. STORAGE RESERVOIRS. Storage reservoirsare structures used to store water. They also equalize thesupply or pressure in the distribution system. A commonexample of a storage reservoir is an aboveground waterstorage tank.4. SYSTEM ACCESSORIES. System accessoriesinclude the following:a. BOOSTER STATIONS. Booster stations areused to increase water pressure from storage tanks orlow-pressure mains.b. VALVES. Valves control the flow of waterin the distribution system by isolating areas for repair orby regulating system flow or pressure.c. HYDRANTS. Hydrants are designed toallow water from the distribution system to be used forfire-fighting purposes.d. METERS. Meters record the flow of waterin a part of the distribution system.e. SERVICE CONNECTIONS. Serviceconnections are used to connect individual buildings orother plumbing systems to the distribution systemm a i n s.f. BACKFLOW PREVENTERS. A cross-connection is any connection between a potable andnonpotable water system through which acontaminating flow can occur. Backflow preventers,such as air gaps and vacuum breakers, are used toprevent flow through potential cross-connections.DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LAYOUTWhen distribution systems are carefully planned,the pipes are usually laid out in a grid or belt system. Anetwork of large pipes divides the community or baseinto areas of several blocks each (fig. 2-19). The streets2-17
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