specification  with  the  same  identification  number,  the writer must use the one that has the most recent date. This  is  because  there  can  only  be  one  valid  guide specification for a particular area at any one time. 3. STANDARD   SPECIFICATIONS.   These specifications  are  written  for  a  small  group  of specialized   structures   that   must   have   uniform construction to meet rigid operational requirements. NAVFAC  standard  specifications  contain  references  to federal,  military,  other  command  and  bureau,  and association   specifications.   NAVFAC   standard specifications  are  referenced  or  copied  in  project specifications.   When   it   is   necessary   to   modify requirements of a standard specification, it must be referenced  and  exceptions  taken. EXAMPLE:  “The  magazine  shall  be  Arch,  Type  I, conforming to Specifications S-M8E, except that all concrete shall be Class F- 1.” OTHER SPECIFICATIONS The  following  specifications  establish  requirements mainly  in  terms  of  performance.  Referencing  these documents  in  project  specifications  assures  the procurement  of  economical  facility  components  and services  while  considerably  reducing  the  verbiage required  to  state  such  requirements. 1. FEDERAL  AND  MILITARY  SPECIFICA- TIONS. Federal specifications cover  the  character- istics of materials and supplies used jointly by the Navy and  other  government  agencies.  These  specifications  do not cover installation or workmanship for a particular project  but  specify  the  technical  requirements  and  tests for materials, products, or services. The engineering technical library should contain all of the commonly used  federal  specifications  pertinent  to  Seabee construction.   Military   specifications   are   those specifications  that  have  been  developed  by  the Department of Defense. Like federal specifications, they also cover the characteristics of materials. They are identified by “DOD” or “MIL” preceding the first letter and  serial  number. 2.  TECHNICAL   SOCIETY   AND   TRADE ASSOCIATION   SPECIFICATIONS.   Technical society  specifications—  for  example,  those  published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL), and American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)—should be referenced in project   specifications   when   applicable.   Trade association specifications contain the requirements among  the  companies  within  a  given  industry. 3. MANUFACTURER’S    SPECIFICATIONS. These  specifications  contain  a  manufacturer’s  precise description for the manner and process for making, constructing or compounding, and using any items the manufacturer produces. They should not be referenced or  copied  verbatim  in  project  specifications  but  maybe used to aid in preparing project specifications. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Construction drawings are supplemented by written project  specifications.  Project  specifications  give detailed information regarding materials and methods of work for a particular construction project. They cover various factors relating to the project, such as general conditions,  scope  of  work,  quality  of  materials, standards  of  workmanship,  and  protection  of  finished work. The  drawings,  together  with  the  project  specifica- tions, define the project in detail and show exactly how it is to be constructed. Usually, any set of drawings for an important project is accompanied by a set of project specifications.  The  drawings  and  project  specifications are inseparable. The drawings indicate what the project specifications do not cover; the project specifications indicate what the drawings do not portray, or they further clarify  details  that  are  not  covered  amply  by  the drawings and notes on the drawings. When you are preparing project specification, it is important that the specifications  and  drawings  be  closely  coordinated  so that  discrepancies  and  ambiguities  are  minimized. Whenever there is conflicting information between the drawings  and  project  specs,  the  specifications  take precedence over the drawings. Organization  of  Specifications For   consistency,   the   Construction   Standards Institute  (CSI)  organized  the  format  of  specifications into 16 basic divisions. These divisions, used throughout the military and civilian construction industry, are listed in order as follows: 1. General Requirements.  Includes  information that  is  of  a  general  nature  to  the  project,  such  as inspection  requirements  and  environmental  protection. 2. Site Work. Includes work performed on the site,  such  as  grading,  excavation,  compaction,  drainage, site utilities, and paving. 5-3