specification with the same identification number, thewriter must use the one that has the most recent date.This is because there can only be one valid guidespecification for a particular area at any one time.3. STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS. Thesespecifications are written for a small group ofspecialized structures that must have uniformconstruction to meet rigid operational requirements.NAVFAC standard specifications contain references tofederal, military, other command and bureau, andassociation specifications. NAVFAC standardspecifications are referenced or copied in projectspecifications. When it is necessary to modifyrequirements of a standard specification, it must bereferenced and exceptions taken.EXAMPLE: “The magazine shall be Arch, Type I,conforming to Specifications S-M8E, except that allconcrete shall be Class F- 1.”OTHER SPECIFICATIONSThe following specifications establish requirementsmainly in terms of performance. Referencing thesedocuments in project specifications assures theprocurement of economical facility components andservices while considerably reducing the verbiagerequired to state such requirements.1. FEDERAL AND MILITARY SPECIFICA-TIONS. Federal specifications cover the character-istics of materials and supplies used jointly by the Navyand other government agencies. These specifications donot cover installation or workmanship for a particularproject but specify the technical requirements and testsfor materials, products, or services. The engineeringtechnical library should contain all of the commonlyused federal specifications pertinent to Seabeeconstruction. Military specifications are thosespecifications that have been developed by theDepartment of Defense. Like federal specifications,they also cover the characteristics of materials. They areidentified by “DOD” or “MIL” preceding the first letterand serial number.2. TECHNICAL SOCIETY AND TRADEASSOCIATION SPECIFICATIONS. Technicalsociety specifications— for example, those publishedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI),American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL), and American Ironand Steel Institute (AISI)—should be referenced inproject specifications when applicable. Tradeassociation specifications contain the requirementsamong the companies within a given industry.3. MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATIONS.These specifications contain a manufacturer’s precisedescription for the manner and process for making,constructing or compounding, and using any items themanufacturer produces. They should not be referencedor copied verbatim in project specifications but maybeused to aid in preparing project specifications.PROJECT SPECIFICATIONSConstruction drawings are supplemented by writtenproject specifications. Project specifications givedetailed information regarding materials and methodsof work for a particular construction project. They covervarious factors relating to the project, such as generalconditions, scope of work, quality of materials,standards of workmanship, and protection of finishedwork.The drawings, together with the project specifica-tions, define the project in detail and show exactly howit is to be constructed. Usually, any set of drawings foran important project is accompanied by a set of projectspecifications. The drawings and project specificationsare inseparable. The drawings indicate what the projectspecifications do not cover; the project specificationsindicate what the drawings do not portray, or they furtherclarify details that are not covered amply by thedrawings and notes on the drawings. When you arepreparing project specification, it is important that thespecifications and drawings be closely coordinated sothat discrepancies and ambiguities are minimized.Whenever there is conflicting information between thedrawings and project specs, the specifications takeprecedence over the drawings.Organization of SpecificationsFor consistency, the Construction StandardsInstitute (CSI) organized the format of specificationsinto 16 basic divisions. These divisions, used throughoutthe military and civilian construction industry, are listedin order as follows:1. General Requirements. Includes informationthat is of a general nature to the project, such asinspection requirements and environmental protection.2. Site Work. Includes work performed on thesite, such as grading, excavation, compaction, drainage,site utilities, and paving.5-3
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