• Home
  • Download PDF
  • Order CD-ROM
  • Order in Print
STONE  MASONRY
Brick  Classification

Engineering Aid 3 - Beginning Structural engineering guide book
Page Navigation
  242    243    244    245    246  247  248    249    250    251    252  
Figure 7-47.-Random rubble stone masonry. Figure 7-48.-Layers of bond stones in random stone masonry. stones in courses, as shown in figure 7-47. Each layer  must  contain  bonding  stones  that  extend through  the  wall,  as  shown  in  figure  7-48.  This produces a wall that is well tied together. The bed joints  should  be  horizontal  for  stability,  but  the “builds” or head joints may run in any direction. Coursed  rubble  consists  of  roughly  squared stones assembled in such a manner as to produce approximately  continuous  horizontal  bed  joints, as  shown  in  figure  7-49. The stone for use in stone masonry should be strong,   durable,   and   cheap.   Durability   and strength depend upon the chemical composition and physical structure of the stone. Some of the Figure 7-49.-Coursed rubble masonry. more  commonly  found  stones  that  are  suitable  are limestone,   sandstone,   granite,   and   slate.   Un- squared  stones  obtained  from  nearby  ledges  or quarries or even fieldstone maybe used. The size of the stone should be such that two people can easily handle it. A variety of sizes is necessary to avoid  using  large  quantities  of  mortar. The mortar for use in stone masonry may be composed  of  portland  cement  and  sand  in  the proportions  of  one  part  cement  to  three  parts  sand by volume. Such mortar shrinks excessively and does  not  work  well  with  the  trowel.  A  better mortar  to  use  is  portland  cement-lime  mortar. Mortar made with ordinary portland cement will stain  most  types  of  stone.  If  staining  must  be prevented,  nonstaining  white  portland  cement should be used in making the mortar. Lime does not usually stain the stone. BRICK  MASONRY In brick masonry construction, units of baked clay or shale of uniform size are laid in courses with  mortar  joints  to  form  walls  of  virtually unlimited length and height. These units are small enough  to  be  placed  with  one  hand.  Bricks  are kiln-baked from various clay and shale mixtures. The chemical and physical characteristics of the ingredients vary considerably; these and the kiln temperatures  combine  to  produce  brick  in  a variety of colors and harnesses. In some regions, pits are opened and found to yield clay or shale that,  when  ground  and  moistened,  can  be formed  and  baked  into  durable  brick;  in  other regions, clays or shales from several pits must be mixed. The  dimensions  of  a  U.S.  standard  building brick  are  2  1/4  by  3  3/4  by  8.  The  actual dimensions of brick may vary a little because of shrinkage  during  burning. 7-30







Western Governors University

Privacy Statement
Press Release
Contact

© Copyright Integrated Publishing, Inc.. All Rights Reserved. Design by Strategico.