Figure 4-2.—Riser diagram for waste and soil piping.needed to install the plumbing system. As thecomplexity of the building plumbing increases,however, your ability to describe the plumbing layoutaccurately and clearly using only a plumbing plandiminishes. This can easily lead to misinterpretations bythe users of the plan. In such cases as this, it is commonpractice to supplement the plumbing plan with riserdiagrams.The most commonly used type of riser diagram forplumbing is the isometric riser diagram. As you see inthe examples shown in figures 4-1 and 4-2, the isometricriser diagram provides a three-dimensionalrepresentation of the plumbing system. Although a riserdiagram is usually not drawn to scale, it should becorrectly proportioned. In other words, a long run ofpiping in the plumbing plan should be shown as a longrun of piping in the riser diagram. Conversely, short runsshould be shown as short runs. Make sure, too, that youuse proper symbols (from MIL-STD-17B) for thepiping and fittings. This makes it easy for someonefamiliar with the symbols to read and interpret thedrawing. A glance at figure 4-1 tells you, for example,that the plumbing system contains three gate valves andthat all of the fittings are screw-type fittings. Be sure thatthe pipe sizes are properly labeled, especially wherechanges in pipe size occur. Label all fixture connectionsto identify to what fixture the piping connects. In figure4-1, the fixtures are spelled out; however, it is alsocommon practice to label the fixtures using analphanumeric coding, keyed to a fixture schedule.Another type of riser diagram, though less oftenused in construction drawings, is the orthographic riserdiagram that shows the plumbing system in elevation.When used, it is normally reserved for buildings that aretwo or more stories in height. Also, since you probablycannot clearly describe an entire plumbing system for abuilding in a single elevation, more than oneorthographic riser diagram is necessary for the building.Examples of these diagrams can be found inArchitectural Graphic Standards, by Ramsey andSleeper.ELECTRICAL DIVISIONIncluded in the electrical section are power andlighting plans, electrical diagrams, details, andschedules. Chapters 9 and 10 of the EA3 TRAMANprovide a discussion of interior wiring materials and thedrawing of electrical plans.Electrical single-line block diagrams are drawingsthat show electrical components and their relatedconnections in a diagrammatic form. The diagrams,seldom drawn to scale, use standard symbols torepresent individual pieces of electrical equipment andlines to represent the conductors or wires connecting theequipment.4-3
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