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Route  Surveys  for  Drainage - 14071_203
Ditches

Engineering Aid 2 - Intermediate Structural engineering guide book
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generally  contain  and  dispose  of  all  the  runoff. However, during the winter in the high mountains, runoff is commonly interrupted by snow conditions; that  is,  instead  of  running  off,  the  potential  runoff accumulates  in  the  form  of  snow.  When  this accumulated mass melts in the spring, the runoff often attains   proportions   that   overwhelm   the   natural channels, causing flooding of surrounding areas. In the  same  fashion,  unusually  heavy  rainfall  may overtax the natural channels. Artificial Drainage.— When  artificial  structures are  introduced  into  an  area,  the  natural  drainage arrangements   of   the   area   are   upset.   When,   for example, an area originally containing many hills and ridges  is  graded  off  flat,  the  previously  existing  natural drainage channels are removed, and much of the effect of gravity on runoff is lost. When an area of natural soil is covered by artificial paving, a quantity of water that previously could have been absorbed will now present  drainage  problems. In  short,  when  man-made  structures,  such  as bridges, buildings, and so forth, are erected in an area, it  is  usually  necessary  to  design  and  construct  an artificial drainage system to offset the extent to which the natural drainage system has been upset. Storm sewers are usually the primary feature of an artificial Figure 10-1.—Working drawing for a typical curb inlet. 10-4







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