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QUESTIONS - 14071_199
Route Surveys for Overhead Electrical Distribution  and  Transmission  Lines

Engineering Aid 2 - Intermediate Structural engineering guide book
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CHAPTER 10 ENGINEERING AND LAND SURVEYS This chapter discusses important factors of engi- neering surveying and is presented from the viewpoint of the party chief. Included in the discussion are de- sign-data  surveys,  such  as  route  surveys;  and  con- struction surveys that include stakeout and as-built surveys. Also discussed in this chapter is land surveying which  is  a  special  type  of  surveying  performed  for the  purpose  of  establishing  or  reestablishing  land boundaries,  preparing  legal  property  descriptions,  and subdividing tracts of land. Although a complete cov- erage of land surveying is beyond the scope of this TRAMAN,  you  will  be  acquainted  with  the  proce- dures  and  some  of  the  legal  aspects  involved. ENGINEERING  SURVEYS In  the  EA3  TRAMAN,  you  learned  that  engi- neering surveys are subdivided into  design-data sur- veys and construction surveys.  A  design-data  survey is  an  orderly  process  of  obtaining  data  that  is  needed for the planning and design of an engineering project. The  activities  involved  in  design-data  surveying  vary according  to  the  type  and  complexity  of  the  engineer- ing  or  construction  project;  for  example,  the  activities might include simply obtaining topographic data for a proposed  building  site,  or  they  may  include  extensive route surveying and soils investigation for a highway. Construction surveying is divided into (1) the  layout, or stakeout,  survey  and (2) the as-built survey.  The layout,  or  stakeout,  survey  consists  of  locating and  marking  (staking)  horizontal  and  vertical  control points to guide construction crews, and giving line and grade  as  needed  to  establish  additional  control  points and  to  reestablish  disturbed  stakes.  The  as-built  survey includes making measurements to verify the locations and  dimensions  of  completed  elements  of  a  new structure  and  to  determine  the  amount  of  work accomplished  up  to  a  given  date. Let’s  begin  the  subject  of  engineering  surveys with  a  discussion  of  route  surveying. ROUTE SURVEYS A route survey, as the name implies, is a survey that deals with the route or course that a highway, road,  or  utility  line  will  follow.  While  the  end  product of  a  route  survey  for  a  highway  certainly  differs  from that for a utility line, it may, nevertheless, be said that the purposes of any route survey are to 1. select one or more tentative general routes for the  roadway  or  utility, 2. gather enough information about the general route to make it possible for designers to select the final location of the route, and 3. mark this final location. Consistent  with  these  purposes,  a  route  survey  is usually  broken  down  into  reconnaissance,  pre- liminary,  and  final-location  survey  phases  that satisfy,   respectively,   each   of   the   purposes   given above. Sometimes, however, circumstances may pre- clude the requirement to perform all three phases; for example,   if   a   new   road   or   utility   line   is   to   be constructed  on  a  military  installation  having  well- marked  vertical  and  horizontal  control  networks  and up-to-date topographic maps and utility maps, then perhaps the reconnaissance and preliminary survey phases  would  not  be  required.  Chapter  14  of  the  EA3 TRAMAN  discusses  each  phase  of  route  surveying  as applied  to  roads  and  highways.  That  discussion  is presented in sufficient enough depth to preclude the need to further discuss highway route surveying in this  TRAMAN.  You  should,  however,  review  that discussion and read other publications dealing with the  subject  of  route  surveying. Aside  from  roads  and  highways,  other  uses  of route surveys are for aboveground utility lines-most commonly power and communication lines—and for underground  utilities,  such  as  power,  communication, sewer, water, gas, and fuel lines. The character of the route  survey  for  a  utility  will  vary,  of  course, with  different  circumstances;  for  example,  a  sanitary sewer,  water  distribution  line,  or  an  electrical distribution line in an urban area will generally follow the streets on which the buildings it serves are located. Also,  since  these  areas  will,  in  all  likelihood,  have 10-1







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