Figure 1-38.—Structural steel skeleton construction.inches, apply to the side of the square or the diameterof the round.STEEL FRAME STRUCTURESThe construction of a framework of structuralsteel involves two principal operations: fabricationand erection. Fabrication involves the processing ofraw materials to form the finished members of thestructure. Erection includes all rigging, hoisting, orlifting of members to their proper places in thestructure and making the finished connectionsbetween members.A wide variety of structures are erected usingstructural steel. Basically, they can be listed asbuildings, bridges, and towers; most other structuresare modifications of these three.BuildingsThere are three basic types of steel construction.These may be designated as wall-bearingconstruction, skeleton construction, and long-span construction.In wall-bearing construction, exterior andinterior masonry walls are used to support structuralmembers, such as steel beams and joists, which carrythe floors and roof. It should be noted that while thissection of your TRAMAN discusses steel structures,wall-bearing construction is applicable to nonsteelstructures as well. Wall-bearing construction is one ofthe oldest and most common methods in use.Although modern developments in reinforcedconcrete masonry make the use of this methodfeasible for high-rise structures, wall-bearingconstruction is normally restricted to relatively lowstructures, such as residences and light industrialbuildings.A tall building with a steel frame, such as shownin figure 1-38, is an example of skeleton construction.In this type of construction, all live and dead loadsare carried by the structural-frame skeleton. For thisreason, the exterior walls are nonbearing curtainwalls. Roof and floor loads are transmitted to beamsand girders,1-19
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