Figure 1-25.—Dolphins.The superstructure (fig. 1-24) consists of a singlelayer of 4 by 12 planks laid on 19 inside stringersmeasuring 6 inches by 14 inches by 14 feet. The insidestringers are fastened to the pile caps with driftbolts. Theoutside stringers are fastened to the pile caps with bolts.The deck planks are fastened to the stringers with 3/8-by 8-inch spikes. After the deck is laid, 12-foot lengthsof 8 by 10 are laid over the outside stringers to form thecurbing. The lengths of curbing are distributed as shownin the general plan. The curbing is bolted to the outsidestringers.The pier is equipped with a fender system forprotection against shock, caused by contact with vesselscoming or lying alongside. Fender piles, spaced asshown in the part plan, are driven along both sides of thepier and bolted to the outside stringers. The heads ofthese bolts are countersunk below the surfaces of thepiles. An 8-by-10 fender wale is bolted to the backs ofthe fender piles. Lengths of 8-by-10 fender-pile chocksare cut to fit between the piles and bolted to the outsidestringers and the fender wales. The spacing for thesebolts is shown in the part plan. As shown in the generalplan, the fender system also includes two 14-piledolphins, located 15 feet beyond the end of the pier. Adolphin is an isolated cluster of piles, constructed asshown in figure 1-25. A similar cluster attached to a pieris called a pile cluster.TIMBER FASTENERS ANDCONNECTORSFrom your studies of the EA3 TRAMAN, youshould be aware that it is usually unnecessary to call outin working drawings the types of fasteners used for lightframe construction. This is not the case, however, forheavy timber construction. As an EA preparingdrawings for timber structures, you need to have aworking knowledge of timber fasteners and connectorsand the manner in which they are used. The followingtext discusses the more common types.TIMBER FASTENERSBolts used to fasten heavy timbers usually come in1/2-, 3/4-, and 1-inch diameters and have square headsand nuts. In use, the bolts are fitted with round steel1-14
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