45.836Figure 3-49.-Lettering vertical numerals.S and &. The upper and lower portions of Sare ellipses, the upper slightly smaller than thelower. The ampersand (&) is basically similardespite a greater difference in the sizes of theellipses.Numerals and FractionsThe need for extreme care in drawingnumerals cannot be overstressed, particularly inthe preparation of construction drawings in whicha poorly drawn numeral can cause costly errorsand delays.Numerals are drawn using the same size guide-lines as the capital letters on a drawing. Verticalguidelines are spaced at random. Numerals shouldnot be made so small or be crowded so closelyas to impair their legibility.In figure 3-49 the vertical stroke of thenumeral 4 is placed two units from theright side. The horizontal bar is one quarterthe height of the number above the base line.Note that the closed curves of 0, 6, and 9are elliptical, not circular. The 6 is an inverted9. The 8 is composed of two ellipses tangentslightly above the center point. The topellipse also is narrower. The 3 is the same asthe 8 with the left portions of the loopscut off.ellipticalthe 5 isThe curved lines of 2 follow thecontours of 8. The top portion ofslightly narrower than the bottom.Figure 3-50.-Vertical fractions.The bottom ellipse is two thirds of the heightof the figure from the base line.The division bar between the numerator anddenominator of the fractions is always drawnparallel to the guidelines, as shown in figure 3-50.The complete height of a fraction is twice that ofa whole number. The division bar is centeredmidway between the base line and cap line. Thetop guideline of the numerator and the bottomguideline of the denominator are spaced a fullnumber height from the division bar. Thenumbers composing a fraction are three quartersof the height of a full number. The clear spaceon either side of the division bar is one quarterof a full number. Numbers in a fraction arecentered about a vertical guideline that cuts thefraction bar in half.Lowercase LettersLowercase letters are never used on construc-tion drawings, although it is acceptable to usethem for notes on maps or similar drawings.3-33
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