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FREEHAND  LETTERING
Spacing  Between  Guidelines

Engineering Aid 3 - Beginning Structural engineering guide book
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Figure 3-42.-Laying off guidelines. character  i in figure 3-42, view A. All ascenders are as high as the caps. The drop line indicates the lower limit of the lowercase  letters.  The  descender  is  the  part  of  the lowercase  letter  that  extends  below  the  body  of the  letter,  an  example  being  the  tail  of  the character  g  in  figure  3-42,  view  A.  The  vertical distance from the drop line to the base line is the same as the vertical distance from the waist line to  the  cap  line.  It  is  about  one  third  of  the vertical distance between the base line and the cap line,  or  about  one  half  of  the  vertical  distance between the base line and the waist line. Figure  3-42,  view  B,  shows  an  easy  way  to lay   out   guidelines   for   caps   and   lowercase. Let  the  height  of  a  capital  be  1  1/2  times  the distance   “a.”    Set  a  compass  or  dividers  to distance  “a,”  and  lay  off  distance  “a”  above  and below  the  midline  selected  for  the  guidelines,  The method  locates  the  cap  line  and  the  drop  line. Then  set  the  compass  or  dividers  to  one  half of   ’’a,”  and lay off this distance above and below the midline. This method locates the waist line and the base line. To help you keep your lettering vertical, it is a good idea to construct vertical guidelines, spaced at  random  along  the  horizontal  guidelines.  For inclined  lettering,  lay  off  lines  inclined  at  the angle you wish your lettering to be slanted. (See fig.  3-43,  view  A.)  Inclined  lines  are  known  as 29.275 Figure 3-43.-Laying off lines for lettering. direction  lines  and  are  normally  slanted  at  a maximum  of  68  degrees. Ames Lettering Instrument If you have many lines of lettering to do, you will  find  a  lettering  instrument,  such  as  the  Ames lettering instrument, shown in figure 3-43, view B,   quite   useful   and   timesaving.   The   top-left section of figure 3-43, view B, shows how to use this instrument in conjunction with a T square to draw properly spaced horizontal guidelines. You insert the point of your pencil through one of the holes, and the instrument slides along the T square as  you  move  the  pencil  across  the  page.  The enlarged drawing of the instrument in the lower part  of  the  figure  shows  the  details  of  how  the instrument  is  used.  Notice  the  three  rows  of  holes in the circular disc of the instrument. The holes 3-29







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