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Curved- and Straight-Line Combinations
INCLINED  LETTERING

Engineering Aid 3 - Beginning Structural engineering guide book
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45.836 Figure  3-49.-Lettering  vertical  numerals. S and &. The upper and lower portions of  S are ellipses, the upper slightly smaller than the lower.  The  ampersand   (&)  is  basically  similar despite  a  greater  difference  in  the  sizes  of  the ellipses. Numerals and Fractions The   need   for   extreme   care   in   drawing numerals cannot be overstressed, particularly in the  preparation  of  construction  drawings  in  which a poorly drawn numeral can cause costly errors and delays. Numerals are drawn using the same size guide- lines as the capital letters on a drawing. Vertical guidelines are spaced at random. Numerals should not  be  made  so  small  or  be  crowded  so  closely as to impair their legibility. In  figure  3-49  the  vertical  stroke  of  the numeral   4   is   placed   two   units   from   the right  side.  The  horizontal  bar  is  one  quarter the  height  of  the  number  above  the  base  line. Note   that   the   closed   curves   of   0,  6,  and  9 are  elliptical,  not  circular.  The  6 is  an  inverted 9.  The  8 is   composed   of   two   ellipses   tangent slightly  above  the  center  point.  The  top ellipse  also  is  narrower.  The  3 is  the  same  as the  8  with   the   left   portions   of   the   loops cut   off. elliptical the  5  is The  curved  lines  of   2  follow   the contours   of   8.  The   top   portion   of slightly   narrower   than   the   bottom. Figure 3-50.-Vertical fractions. The  bottom  ellipse  is  two  thirds  of  the  height of  the  figure  from  the  base  line. The division bar between the numerator and denominator  of  the  fractions  is  always  drawn parallel to the guidelines, as shown in figure 3-50. The complete height of a fraction is twice that of a  whole  number.  The  division  bar  is  centered midway between the base line and cap line. The top  guideline  of  the  numerator  and  the  bottom guideline  of  the  denominator  are  spaced  a  full number  height  from  the  division  bar.  The numbers composing a fraction are three quarters of  the  height  of  a  full  number.  The  clear  space on either side of the division bar is one quarter of  a  full  number.  Numbers  in  a  fraction  are centered about a vertical guideline that cuts the fraction  bar  in  half. Lowercase Letters Lowercase letters are never used on construc- tion  drawings,  although  it  is  acceptable  to  use them  for  notes  on  maps  or  similar  drawings. 3-33







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