Figure 8-15.-Cross section of vitrified clay or concrete pipefittings.COMBINATION Y and 1/8 BEND) is easy torecognize since there is a 450 takeoff bendinginto a 90° takeoff on both sides of the fitting. Itis especially useful as an individual vent. The BOXtype 90° Y-branch has two takeoffs. It isdesigned so that each takeoff forms a 90° anglewith the main pipe. The two takeoffs are spaced900 from each other.FORTY-FIVE-DEGREE Y-BRANCHES.—The two types of 45° Y-branches (fig. 8-14, viewD) are the reducing and straight types. They areused to join two sanitary sewer branches at a 45°angle. The REDUCING type is a straight sectionof pipe with a 45° takeoff of a smaller sizebranching off one side. The STRAIGHT type of45° Y-branch, or true Y, is the same as the reduc-ing type except that both bells are the same size.Figure 8-15 shows some common fittings usedwith vitrified clay and concrete pipes. It shouldbe noted that these types of pipes are usedoutside the building, which greatly reduces thenumber of different types of fittings. Joints onvitrified clay and concrete pipe are made ofcement or bituminous compounds. Cement jointsmight be made of grout—a mixture of cement,sand, and water.Plastic pipe fittings for waste drainage areshown in figure 8-16.Figure 8-16.-Typical plastic pipe fittings.8-13
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