Figure 8-14.-Common cast-iron soil pipe fittings.used are shown in figure 8-14 and describedbelow.BENDS.— The 1/16 bend (fig. 8-14, view A)is used to change the direction of cast-iron soilpipe 22 1/20. A 1/8 bend changes the direction450. The direction is changed 90° in a close spacewhen the SHORT-SWEEP 1/4 bend is used. TheLONG-SWEEP 1/4 bend is used to change thedirection 90° more gradually than a quarter bend.The REDUCING 1/4 bend changes the directionof the pipe gradually 90°, and in the sweepportion, it reduces nearly one size.TEES.— Tees (fig. 8-14, view B) are used toconnect branches to continuous lines. Forconnecting lines of different sizes, REDUCINGtees are often used. The TEST tee is used in stackand waste installations where the vertical stackjoins the horizontal sanitary sewer. It is installedat this point to allow the plumber to insert a testtee and fill the system with water while testing forleakage. The TAPPED tee is frequently used inthe venting system where it is called the main venttee. The SANITARY tee is commonly used in amain stack to allow the takeoff of a cast-iron pipebranch.NINETY-DEGREE Y-BRANCHES.— Fourtypes of cast-iron soil pipe 90° Y-branchesgenerally used are shown in figure 8-14,view C. These are normally referred to asCOMBINATION Y AND 1/8 BENDS. TheSTRAIGHT type of 90° Y-branch is used insanitary sewer systems where a branch feeds intoa main, and it is desirable to have the incomingbranch feeding into the main as nearly aspossible in a line parallel to the main flow. TheREDUCING 90° Y-branch is the same asthe straight type, except that the branch cominginto the main is a smaller size pipe than the main.The DOUBLE 90° Y-branch (or DOUBLE8-12
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