Figure 15-1.-Reference lines.Figure 15-2.—Latitude, longitude, and reference lines.A great circle passing through both poles is called aequator is called a parallel of latitude. The numericalmeridian. The equator is a great circle about the earthvalue of the parallels defines latitude and that of theequidistant from the poles and perpendicular to the axismeridians defines longitude.of rotation. Through any point removed from theAs shown in figure 15-2, geographic latitude of aequator, a circle whose plane is parallel to that of thepoint may be defined as its angular distance above or15-3
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