roads, utilities, trees, structures, references, and other significant physical features on or near the construction  site.  By  showing  both  existing  and finished   contours,   the   field   crew   (Equipment Operators) is able to estimate and prepare the site for construction and to finish the site (including landscaping) upon completion of construction. As an EA, you should be familiar with the methods and  symbols  used  on  maps  and  topographic drawings. Site   plans   are   drawn   to   scale.   In   most instances,  the  engineer’s  scale  is  used  rather  than the architect’s scale. For buildings on small lots, the  scales  normally  used  are  1  in.  =  10  ft  or 1  in.  =  20  ft.  This  means  that  1  in.  on  the drawing is equal to 10 or 20 ft, whichever the case may be, on the ground. Since the engineer’s scale is the principal means of making scaled site plans, you,  as  an  EA,  should  be  thoroughly  familiar  with its uses. On a set of project drawings prepared by an A/E  firm,  the  physical  information  given  on  the site  plan  is  taken  from  surveyor-prepared  field notes  or  sketches.  Other  information  contained on the site plan may also be used by the planners and   estimators   when   figuring   quantities   of materials  required,  labor  needed,  and  areas available for staging of equipment and materials. As  an  EA,  you  may  be  tasked  with  drawing a  site  plan  or  revising  one.  Outlines  of  some  of the basic procedures in the development of a site plan  follow. 1. Lay out the site plan from the surveyor’s drawing,  showing  boundary  lines  or  limits  of construction and existing trees and construction. Also  note  any  existing  features  that  must  be removed. 2.   Draw   contour   lines   with   dashed   lines. Notice  that  if  contour  lines  are  placed  on  the reverse side of the drafting sheet, they make future changes or revisions easier. 3.  Draw  the  proposed  building  and  all surrounding construction, such as sidewalks and parking areas. Show the outline of the building wall with solid lines and the outline of the roof overhang with dashed lines. 4.  Give  the  finished  floor  elevations  of  the building  or  buildings,  garages  (if  any),  and finished   elevations   desired   on   sidewalks   and parking areas. 5.  Review  the  existing  contour  lines.  It  is important  that  surface  water  not  run  into  the buildings  and  other  constructions,  but  rather towards a storm drainage system. 6. Place the dimensions. Locate the building and  other  constructions  by  a  minimum  of  two location   dimensions.   If   the   building   is   not positioned  parallel  with  the  property  line,  more than  two  dimensions  are  required.  Dimensions should be from the property line to the exterior wall  of  the  building,  not  the  overhang.  Other dimensions  necessary  to  be  included  are  distances to road center lines, utility lines, easements, and any restrictions or obstructions to the site, such as utility poles and hydrants. 7.   Double-check   your   drawing,   taking   a second look at the finish grade elevations, datum point,   and   other   related   information.   A   good technique is keeping a site plan checklist handy to make sure information given is complete and accurate. ARCHITECTURAL    DRAWINGS ARCHITECTURAL  WORKING  DRAWINGS (sometimes identified with the designating letter A on  their  title  blocks,  as  shown  in  chapter  3, figure   3-17)   consist   of   all   the   drawings   that describe  the  architectural  design  and  composition of  the  building.  A  set  of  architectural  drawings includes  floor  plans,  building  sections,  exterior and   interior   elevations,   millwork,   door   and window   details   and   schedules,   interior   and exterior  finish  schedules,  and  special  architectural treatments.  For  small,  uncomplicated  buildings, the  architectural  drawings  might  also  include foundation and framing plans, which are generally included  as  part  of  the  structural  drawings. Floor  Plan A  FLOOR  PLAN  is  a  horizontal  section through   a   building,   showing   the   outline   or arrangement of the floor. An offset cutting plane is  often  required  to  pass  through  low  and  high features  on  the  wall  in  order  to  reveal  doors, windows,  fireplaces,  stair  openings,  and  other features  located  in  the  building. The  floor  plan  is  usually  the  first  drawing worked  on  by  the  EA.  It  is  considered  the  key drawing  in  a  set  of  project  drawings—the  drawing that all of the construction personnel will look at. Hence,  the  purpose  of  the  floor  plan  is  to  show information  about  the  location  and  type  of  con- struction,  location  and  size  of  doors,  windows, built-in  fireplaces,  stairs,  rooms,  and  exterior  and interior features. Figure  10-12  shows  the  manner  in  which  a floor  plan  is  developed.  Imagine  that  after  the 10-14