HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SEABEES AND LAWS OF WARFigure 1-1.--Seabees going over one of the obstacle courses during combat training at Camp Endicott, Davisville, Rhode Island, during World War II.POST WORLD WAR II SEABEESBETWEEN KOREA AND VIETNAMPOST VIETNAMFigure 1-2.--Chain of command for LANTFLT NCF units.CONSTRUCTION BATTALION MAINTENANCE UNITS (CBMUs)SEABEE TEAM (CIVIC ACTION TEAM)HOME PORT NAVAL CONSTRUCTION REGIMENTS (NCRs)Figure 1-5.--The basic NMCB organization.Figure 1.7. - Organization of military support in the headquarters company.THE HEADQUARTERS COMPANYFigure 1.8. - Organization of military support in the construction rifle companiesRifle Company MessengerThe Rifle Fire TeamRifle Platoon GuideTHE 60-MM MORTAR PLATOONMORTAR GUN CREWSGENERAL PRECEPTS OF THE LAWS OF ARMED CONFLICTRELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE COUNTRYEnemy CombatantsCODE OF THE U.S. FIGHTING FORCECODE OF THE U.S. FIGHTING FORCE - ContinuedCODE OF THE U.S. FIGHTING FORCE - ContinuedCONCLUSION'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 30 of 480SPECIAL CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENTFigure 2-1.--Olive green utility uniform.Figure 2-2.--Load-carrying equipment.Adjusting the Pistol BeltFigure 2-3.--Adjusting the belt.Attaching the Entrenching Tool Carrier]Figure 2-7.--Adjusting suspender straps.Figure 2-9.--Lower part of pack frame.Figure 2-11.--Attaching cargo shelf and load.Figure 2-13.--Front and back views of medium pack.Figure 2-15.--Attaching shoulder straps to medium pack.Figure 2-17.--Front and back views of large pack.CLEANING AND MAINTENANCEFigure 2-22.--Two ponchos for two-man tent.Figure 2-26.--Folding poncho for carry over pistol belt only.Figure 2-27.--Procedures in pitching shelter half tent.Entrenching ToolFigure 2-30.--Kevlar helmet.Figure 2-32.--Headband.Mounting the Camouflage CoverFigure 2-37.--Mountain sleeping bag and sleeping hag case.Figure 2-38.--Adjustments to sleeping bag and sleeping bag case.CANVAS COT AND INSECT BAR FRAMEBOOTS AND SHOESFigure 2-42.--Bunk layout-rifleman.Table 2-1.--782 Gear Layout Items.Table 2-2.--Deployed NMCB Uniform Requirements for Personnel E-1 through E6Figure 2-43.--Poncho layout-rifleman.Figure 2-44.--Bunk layout with service pistol.Figure 2-46. - Seabee seabag layout (home port)Figure 2-47. seabee seabag layout (deployed)'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 62 of 480Figure 3-1.--M16A1 service rifle, 5.56 mm, left and right side views.Figure 3-2.--M16A2E3 service rifle, 5.56 mm.CLEARING THE RIFLEFigure 3-10.--Breaking upper receiver away from lower receiver.Figure 3-13.--Removing bolt carrier from receiver.ASSEMBLY OF THE RIFLEFigure 3-20.--The M16A1 service rifle field-stripped.LOADING THE MAGAZINEFIRING THE RIFLEFigure 3-23.--Rear sight aperture.CARING AND CLEANING OF THE RIFLE AND AMMUNITIONFigure 3-28.--Disassembly of the 20-round magazine.Figure 3-29.--45-caliber semiautomatic service pistol-(A) assembled and (B) sectional view in recoil position.Figure 3-31.--Recoil spring plug removal from the recoil spring.Figure 3-35.--Barrel bushing removal from the slide.SAFETY DEVICESIMMEDIATE ACTIONCARING AND CLEANING THE PISTOLFIRING TECHNIQUESRIFLEFigure 3-41.--Error in sight alignment increases as range increases.Shooting PositionsFigure 3-46.--Sitting position.Figure 3-47.--Cross-legged position.Figure 3-49.--4 o'clock wind.Figure 3-52.--Correct sight alignment and sight picture.Figure 3-54.--Gripping the pistol (one hand).Figure 3-56.--Two-handed grip.Figure 3-58.--Danger space at 1,000-yard range.Figure 3-61.--Horizontal shot patterns at various ranges.Figure 3-64.--Fire in respect to the ground.Figure 3-66.--Delivering of overhead fire.FIRE CONTROLFigure 3-67--Fire distribution by individuals of the rifle squad.Machine Gun FireFIRE COMMANDSFigure 3-70.--Measurement of angles by hand and fingers.COMBAT MANEUVERS, FORMATIONS, PATROLS, AND AMBUSHESFigure 4-1.--Rushing and hitting the deck or dirt.Figure 4-2.--The low crawl.Figure 4-5.--Walking gently with your toe down first.COMBAT FORMATIONSFigure 4-9.--Column to skirmishers right.Figure 4-14.--Skirmishers right to column.Figure 4-17.--Squad column, fire teams in wedge.Figure 4-21.--Change squad formations.Figure 4-22.--Rifle platoon formations.One Platoon in AttackRECONNAISSANCE PATROLPATROL FORMATIONSSECURITYMOVEMENTSORGANIZE THE PATROLCOORDINATIONFormation and Order of MovementRallying PointsAction at Patrol ObjectivesPOINT AMBUSHCOUNTERAMBUSH DRILLSCOUNTERAMBUSH DRILLS - Continued'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 122 of 480LAND NAVIGATIONThe Effect of Weather on TacticsMILITARY ASPECTS OF TERRAINCOVER AND CONCEALMENTFigure 5-1.--Portion of military map.Figure 5-1.--Portion of military mapContinued.Figure 5-1.--Portion of military mapContinued.Figure 5-3.--Position location.Figure 5-5.--Grid square, close-up.Contour LinesFigure 5-8.--Uniform, steep slope.Figure 5-10.--Convex slope.Figure 5-13.--(a) Ridge; (b) Spur.Figure 5-15.--Cliff.Figure 5-19.--Graphic scale.Figure 5-21.--True, magnetic, and grid azimuths.Figure 5-22.--Topographic symbols.Figure 5-23.--Typica1 military symbols.LENSATIC COMPASSFigure 5-27.--A method of holding the compass.Azimuth and Back AzimuthFigure 5-30.--Origin of azimuth circle.Figure 5-33.--Types of protractors.Figure 5-34.--Measuring an azimuth on a map.Figure 5-35.--Plotting an azimuth on a map.Figure 5-36.--Intersection using map and compass.Figure 5-37.--Intersection without compass.Figure 5-38.--Resection.PANORAMIC SKETCHES'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 152 of 480EVASION, SURVIVAL, AND ESCAPEEVASION TRAVELFigure 6-3.--Compensating by paces and right angles.CRUCIAL PHASE OF EVASIONGROUP SURVIVALSURVIVAL TECHNIQUESFigure 6-5.--Extracting water from vines.Figure 6-7.--Solomon's seal.Figure 6-8.--Water chestnut.Figure 6-10.--Bulrush.Methods of Cooking and Preserving FoodsFigure 6-11.--Water hemlock.Figure 6-13.--Death angel with gills, veil, stem, and cap.ESCAPE - ContinuedTake Care Of'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 168 of 480INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE MEASURESFigure 7-1.--Skirmisher's trench.Figure 7-5.--One-man fighting hole.Figure 7-7.--Dug-in cave holes.Figure 7-8.--Prone emplacement.Camouflaging the PersonCamouflaging of Supply Points'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 176 of 480SITE AND LAYOUTDepth of EntanglementsFigure 8-3.--Concertina roadblock.Figure 8-5.--Barbed-wire reel.Figure 8-8.--Barbed-tape equipment.ADVANTAGES OF BARBED TAPEFigure 8-11.-Expedient picket driver.CONCERTINA FENCING ENTANGLEMENTSORGANIZATION OF WORKFigure 8-14.--Top-eye tie.Figure 8-15.--Intermediate-eye tie.Barbed-Tape SplicesFigure 8-18.--Tilghtening wire by racking.Figure 8-21.--Laying out anchor pickets,STANDARD CONCERTINA FENCEFigure 8-24.--Laying out long pickets for triple concertina fence.Figure 8-27.--Installing concertina.Figure 8-29.--Low-wire fence.Figure 8-32.--Lapland fence.Figure 8-33.--Knife rest.Figure 8-35.--Combination bands of wire obstacles.BASIC CONSIDERATIONSCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR) DEFENSEEFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONSNUCLEAR RADIATIONBlister Agent SymptomsIncapacitating Agent SymptomsCHEMICAL DEFENSEProtective Measures after Chemical AttackFigure 9-2.--M258A1 skin decontamination kit.Figure 9-4.--Instructions for use of NAAK, Mark I.BLISTER AGENTSBIOLOGICAL DEFENSENUCLEAR DEFENSEPersonnel Decontamination StationCBR Permeable Protective ClothingFigure 9-6.--M42 remote alarm connected to M43 detector.Figure 9-8.--ABC-M11 portable decontaminating apparatus.Figure 9-9.--M13 portable decontaminating apparatus.Table 9-1.--MOPP Levels before Chemical AttackCHEMICAL MINEFIELD MARKERS'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 218 of 480FIRST AID AND FIELD SANITATIONFigure 10-1.--Universal distress signal.JAW THRUST TECHNIQUEFigure 10-5.--Position for standing abdominal thrust.Figure 10-7.--Position for standing chest thrust.Figure 10-9.--Feeling for the carotid pulse.Figure 10-10.--One-rescuer CPR decision tree.Figure 10-11.--Xiphoid process.Figure 10-13.--Choking procedures.Figure 10-14.--One-rescuer CPR.IMPROVISED LITTERSFigure 10-18.--Fireman's carry (step one).Figure 10-23.--Supporting carry.Figure 10-24.--Arms carry.Figure 10-27.--Back lift and carry.Figure 10-32.--Neck drag.Figure 10-35.--Two-man saddleback carry(steps one and two).Figure 10-37.--Four-hand arms carry (front and back views).CONTROL OF HEMORRHAGEFigure 10-39.--Pressure points for control of bleeding.Figure 10-40.--Applying a tourniquet.EMERGENCY SITUATIONSCAUSES OF SHOCKPREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SHOCKRELIEF OF PAINHEAT EXHAUSTIONCOLD WEATHER INJURIESFROSTBITEFigure 10-44.--Rule of nines.Figure 10-45.--First-, second-, and third-degree burns.CHEMICAL BURNSFigure 10-46.--Electrical penetration of the skin.FRACTURESFRACTURE OF THE FOREARMFigure 10-49.--Sling used to support a fractured forearm.Figure 10-51.--Boards used as emergency splints for fractured thigh.FRACTURE OF THE RIBFigure 10-54.--Four-tailed bandage for a fractured jaw.FRACTURE OF THE SPINEFRACTURE OF THE PELVISFigure 10-56.--Urinal pipes and soakage pit.WATER TREATMENTFigure 10-57.--Immersion heaters for mess kit washing setup.'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 262 of 480ORGANIC COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENTUNDERSTANDING RADIO AND TELEPHONE NOMENCLATUREFigure 11-2.--Operating instructions for Radio Set AN/PRC-77.Figure 11-3.--Amplifier-Power Supply AM-2060/GRC and Receiver-Transmitter, Radio RT-505/PRC-27, 77.Figure 11-4B.--Amplifier AM-7060 for Radio Set AN/GRC-160.AN/PRC-104 Radio TransceiverFigure 11-5A. - Radio Set AN/PRC-104 equipement suppliedFigure 11-5B. - Radio Set AN/PRC-104 equipement suppliedFigure 11-5C.--Radio Set AN/PRC-104 equipment supplied.Figure 11-6.-AN/PRC-104 controls and indicators.Figure 11-8.--Radio set man-pack setup.Figure 11-9.--Radio Set Control Group AN/GRA-39, components and their functions.Figure 11-10.--Remote control unit C-2328/GRA-39.OPERATING PROCEDURESFigure 11-12.--Antenna equipment RC-292, components and spare parts.Figure 11-13.--Antenna RC-292 setup.Figure 11-14.--Antenna base MP-68 mounted on mast.Figure 11-15.--TA-312/PT telephone set.Figure 11-16.--TA-1/PT telephone set.Figure 11-17.--Manua1 SB-22/PT telephone switchboard.Figure 11-20.--Accessory kits, MX-230/PT, MX-230A/PT, and MX-2915/PT.Figure 11-23.--Line and trunk packs control and function.Figure 11-24.--Operating positions of the push-to-talk switch.Figure 11-25 C and D.--Steps required to connect local calls through the SB-22/PT switchboard.Figure 11-26.--Installation arrangement for two switchboards.RADIO AND TELEPHONE PROCEDURESPROWORDSTACTICAL MESSAGE FORMATSFigure 11-27.---Sample message and instructions.BEADWINDOW CODESCommunication by MessengerFigure 11-28.--Combat arm and hand signals.Figure 11-28.--Combat arm and hand signalsContinued.Figure 11-28.--Combat arm and hand signalsContinued.WRITTEN ORDERSFigure 11-35.--Standard format for an operation order.Figure 11-36--Format for patrol leader's order.Format for OPORDAnnexes to Operation OrdersUsing the CountersignHAND GRENADESFigure 12-3.--ABC-M25A2, CS riot control hand grenade.Figure 12-5.--Typical smoke grenade.Figure 12-8.--Functioning of the fuze.Figure 12-10.--Throwing the hand grenade.Figure 12-11.--Throwing positions.Figure 12-11.--Throwing positions--Continued.HAND GRENADE SAFETYFigure 12-13.--The M18A1 antipersonnel mine (Claymore).Figure 12-16.--The M57 firing device.Figure 12-17.--The instruction sheet attached to the M7 bandoleer.COVERAGE AND METHODS OF FIRENONEXPLOSIVE DEVICESCOUNTERMEASURESSANDBAG VEHICLES'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 318 of 480ORGANIC SUPPORT WEAPONS: M203 AND MACHINE GUNSFigure 3-3.--Quadrant sight assembly.BARREL AND BARREL LATCHMISFIRE, HANGFIRE, AND STOPPAGESAFETY PRECAUTIONSFigure 13-6.--External nomenclature of the M60 machine gun.Figure 13-11.--Machine gun tripod mount, M122.Figure 13-12.--Traversing and elevating mechanism, pintle, and platform group.Figure 13-14.--Attaching the traversing and elevating mechanism.IMMEDIATE ACTIONTable 13-1.--Malfunctions or Stoppages, Their Causes, and Corrective ActionFigure 13-16.--M60 machine gun disassembled into six major groups.Figure 13-17.--Releasing the stock latch.Figure 13-23.--Removing the trigger housing group.Replacing the Buffer GroupACCURATE INITIAL BURSTFigure 13-28.--Prone position with biped-mounted machine gun.ADJUSTMENT OF FIREFigure 13-34.--The 30-caliber BMG on an M3 tripod mount.Figure 3-35.--Major component groups and assemblies.Figure 13-36.--Removing the barrel group.Figure 13-38.--Removing the driving spring rod assembly.Figure 13-39.--Removing the bolt stud.Figure 13-42.--Removing the buffer assembly.Figure 13-46.--Replacing the backplate assembly.OPERATING THE .50-CALIBER BMGUnloading OperationHeadspace and Timing AdjustmentsFigure 13-49.--Headspace and timing gauge set.Figure 13-51.--Checking the timing with the fire gauge installed.Figure 13-54.--MK 19 MOD 3 40-mm machine gun.Figure 13-56.--MK 19 MOD 3 ammnunition.Figure 14-1.--The 60-mm lightweight mortar (M224).ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTSFigure 14-5.--Sight unit (M64/M64A1).Figure 14-7.--A typical round of mortar ammunition.HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE) AMMUNITIONFigure 14-11.--Fuzes.MORTAR SQUAD EQUIPMENTFigure 14-13.--Preparation for firing.Figure 14-14.--Arm-and-hand signals used in placing out aiming post.Figure 14-16.--Aligned sight picture.SIGHT PICTUREInitial Fire CommandFigure 14-19.--Firing position: Hand-held mode.Figure 14-20.--Range indication.Figure 14-22.--Misfire procedure: Cooling the barrel.Cleaning After FiringForward Observer ProceduresCorrection by the Forward ObserverFigure 14-24.--Plotting board and carrying case.Figure 14-25.--Launcher 84-mm, M136 (AT4), Heat.Figure 14-27.--Cartridge XM136 (AT4).Figure 14-28.--Firing mechanism.Figure 14-29.--Functioning of the firing mechanism.Figure 14-30.--Carrying and cradle positions.Figure 14-31.--Preparation for immediate firing.Figure 14-33.--Adjust range setting.Figure 14-34.--Launcher inspection.Figure 14-35.--Sight system.Figure 14-36.--Correct placement of the front sight lead posts.Figure 14-37.--Trigger manipulation.Modified Kneeling PositionFigure 14-42.--Modified sitting position.GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 384 of 480GLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMSGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - ContinuedGLOSSARY OF COMMON MILITARY TERMS - Continued'14234.pdf' by Unknown - Page 396 of 480REFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSEREFERENCES USED TO DEVELOP THE NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE - Continued